Ever wondered what would happen if a worker falls ill due to conditions at the workplace? That's where workmen compensation insurance steps in. This policy is designed to provide financial cover for employees who suffer injuries or diseases while on the job. Besides accidents, the policy also includes a list of occupational diseases.

Let’s explore the diseases covered and who benefits.

What is workmen compensation insurance?

The insurance is governed by the Employees' Compensation Act of 1923. It compensates employees who suffer work-related illnesses, disabilities or injuries. Here's what the policy generally covers:

• Death resulting from a workplace accident

• Permanent or temporary disability

• Medical expenses for injury or illness

• Occupational diseases caused by prolonged exposure to harmful environments

Workmen compensation insurance is legally required for many businesses and not having it can lead to penalties.

How occupational diseases are defined?

According to Indian labour law, occupational diseases are illnesses directly caused by exposure to risk factors associated with work activity.

These include:

• Toxic chemicals

• Dust and fumes

• Repetitive physical stress

• Biological agents like bacteria or viruses

Occupational diseases are classified into three schedules under the Employees' Compensation Act.

Schedule I: Diseases caused by chemical or toxic exposure

These are common among workers in manufacturing, mining and chemical plants.

Covered diseases:

• Lead poisoning: Happens in battery or paint manufacturing.

• Phosphorus poisoning: Found in matchstick factories.

• Mercury poisoning: Occurs in thermometer and barometer industries.

• Arsenic poisoning: Linked to smelting and pesticides.

• Chronic benzene poisoning: Affects those working with rubber, printing inks and paint.

Who’s at risk:

• Factory workers

• Laboratory technicians

• Painters and printers

These are considered compensable under employee insurance if proper exposure history is provided.

Schedule II: Diseases from physical agents or environmental conditions

This category includes diseases not due to chemicals but to physical working conditions.

Covered diseases:

• Noise-induced hearing loss: Common in mining and construction

• Silicosis: Due to inhaling silica dust, usually in mines and quarries

• Asbestosis: Caused by asbestos dust in insulation or brake manufacturing

• Heat stroke: Seen among workers in furnaces or open field labour

• Radiation sickness: Found among X-ray technicians and nuclear workers

Who’s at risk:

• Miners and construction workers

• Radiologists

• Factory heat-exposed workers

These illnesses can often take years to develop but are eligible for claims under workmen compensation insurance.

Schedule III: Biological diseases

These diseases are caused by exposure to biological agents, such as viruses or bacteria.

Covered diseases:

• Tuberculosis (TB): Risk for healthcare professionals

• Hepatitis B or C: Found in lab workers and doctors

• Anthrax: Found in workers handling animal hides

• Leptospirosis: Affects sewage workers

• Brucellosis: Seen in dairy or livestock handlers

Who’s at risk:

• Healthcare and laboratory staff

• Veterinary workers

• Sewage and sanitation staff

Process to file a claim

If an employee develops an occupational disease, the following steps help ensure a smoother claim process:

• Immediate medical diagnosis: Get a recognised doctor's report.

• Document employment details: Show you were was exposed to harmful conditions.

• Notify the employer: Within 30 days of illness confirmation.

• File a claim with the insurer: Include medical records and job role evidence.

• Get compensation: If valid, payment is made as per the law.

Why workmen compensation insurance matters

In India, with a large informal and industrial workforce, occupational illnesses are underreported. This coverage ensures:

• Financial support to affected employees

• Legal protection for employers

• Reduced business disruption due to litigations

A workmen compensation insurance policy also reflects that you’re a responsible employer who values worker health.

Legal obligations for employers

The Employees’ Compensation Act mandates that employers:

• Purchase a valid insurance policy

• Disclose work-related risks to employees

• Keep safety standards updated

• Non-compliance can lead to penalties and lawsuits

Exclusions under Workmen compensation insurance

There are a few exceptions to what’s covered. Illnesses or injuries not listed in the act:

• Pre-existing conditions

• Self-inflicted injuries

• Diseases due to intoxication or negligence

Tips for employees

Here’s how you can protect your rights:

• Know your rights under employee insurance

• Keep a record of any health complaints

• Get regular medical check-ups

• Report unsafe working conditions

• Talk to your HR or supervisor if symptoms arise

Tips for employers

• Conduct regular workplace inspections

• Provide personal protective equipment

• Arrange for annual health check-ups

• Offer health training and workshops

Conclusion

Occupational diseases are silent threats that can ruin lives if not managed early. Workmen compensation insurance ensures that workers who serve in high-risk roles are not left helpless when illness strikes. While prevention is always better, financial protection through insurance is essential.

Whether you're an employer or an employee, understanding this aspect of employee insurance is a step toward safer, fairer workplace. Always stay informed and advocate for your rights.